INHIBITION ALLERGIC REACTION

Fullerene Nanomaterials Inhibit the Allergic Response on human skin

Jirina Vavrova, Martina Rezacova, Jaroslav Pejchal
Department of Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health Systems, Richmond, USA
The Journal of Immunology (2007) DOI 10.4049/jimmunol.179.1.665 ISSN 1550-6606

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Summary:

Nanotechnology, the use of nanomaterials at the molecular level, is a multidisciplinary scientific field undergoing exponential growth and has broad applications among all divisions of science.

One form of nanomaterials, fullerenes, are soccer ball-shaped, carbon cages (C60) that can be functionalized and derivatized with a wide array of molecules. Given their unique structure, inertness, and characteristic stability, fullerenes are being investigated as a novel way to improve upon modalities used to diagnose, monitor, and treat certain conditions.

Type I hypersensitivity is the result of B cell-produced, specific IgE Ab to common, normally innocuous Ags. The allergen-specific IgE sensitizes mast cells (MC) and peripheral blood basophils (PBB). Re-exposure to the allergen triggers an allergic response through the release of inflammatory mediators from MC and PBB.

Indeed, many allergy medications are aimed at neutralizing (antihistamines, H1-receptor blockers) or preventing (antiIgE; Omalizumab) this response.

No studies have examined the effects that C60 fullerenes have on the MC and PBB allergic responses.

Previous studies in other cellular systems demonstrated that these molecules can inhibit various cellular pathways.

We used human skin and lung MC, PBB, and an in vivo model for MC-dependent anaphylaxis to investigate the effects these molecules have on the allergic response.

Conclusion:

C60 fullerenes are capable of inhibiting MC and PBB allergic responses in vitro and anaphylaxis in vivo and suggests these molecules have previously unrecognized antiallergic properties.

C60 Fullerenes may represent a new way to control diseases largely influenced by these cells including type I hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis, hay fever, etc), asthma, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune diseases.

For future applications, C60 fullerenes could be modified with functional groups to specifically target their uptake to MC and PBB. For example we are investigating the effects fullerene-coated stem cell factor and IgE Fc peptide, molecules that will specifically target MC and PBB, have on mediator release.

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